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ECE403-AudioEngineering-S19

  • Instructor: Jont Allen (jontalle@illinois.edu)
  • Class Time: 12:30-15:50 Tues/Thur, Place: 3081-ECEB; ECE, UIUC, UI Calendar
  • Lectures will be presented on Tuesdays and Labs on must Thursdays (see schedule for details). Lab teams will compete in small groups of 3-4 students.
  • Office hours: Mondays 3-4PM, 3020 ECEB; Friday 3-4PM; ECEB-4034
  • Text: Beranek & Mellow (2012) UIUC-ebook; Buy; Browse; Reference text: Electroacoustics (pdf) **Topics: Transducer design & analysis: 2-port networks, loudspeakers, microphones; acoustic wave phenomena; acoustics of rooms and auditoriums; artificial reverberation and sound localization; Topics in digital audio.
  • Homeworks: There will be 5 homework assignments (HW A-E); Links to these assignments are available in the Daily Schedule below.
    Many of the problems are directly taken from the homework problems in anInvitation pdf.
  • Labs Labs always on Thur (but not every week: see schedule).
    Session 1: Thursdays 11:30AM-2:30PM
    Session 2: Thursdays 1:30AM-3:30PM. groups
    • Lab manual In preparation for each lab, please prepare by reading the corresponding TO DO section of the manual.
      How to measure 2-ports: (video)
      **Lab location: 4022 ECE (you have ICard access). Four network-analyzers (MU boxes) in cabinet on right
      **Software for Labs: G7-software S19, G7-software S18 (runs on Octave and/or Matlab;Supports MS-Windows, MAC and Linux. See Lab Manual for details).
    • Tools: MATLAB, Octave, Latex GUI (Not sure you need to register)
  • Exam 1, Exam2, Final Report: Format for final report pdf, LaTeX example: zip
  • Loudspeaker Project (one hour Extra credit)
  • This week's schedule

Spring 2019 Daily Schedule

L W D Date TOPIC
Part I: Basic Acoustics (Chaps. 1-2: 3 Lect)
M 1/14 First day of instruction, Spring 2019
1 3 T 1/15 *Lect: Introduction: We will study how loudspeakers work, both basic theory & hands-on lab experiments.
*Anatomy of a loudspeaker
*Review of Basic Acoustics (Pressure and Volume velocity, dB-SPL, etc.)
*Acoustic Intensity & Energy density, Level in Decibels [dB]
*Read Text: BeranekMellow, Ch 1, p. 1-17; History (pdf)
2 R 1/17 *Lect: Derivation of the wave equation & Webster Horn equation
*Impedance \(Z(s)\) and complex functions of complex frequency \(s\); Example of a 1\(^{st}\)-order lowpass filter;
*Read Text: Ch 2, p. 21-28 (Wave Equation) and derivation pdf
3 4 T 1/22 *Lect: Solutions of the wave equation
*Impedance (i.e., Brune) as boundary conditions \(Z(s)=N(s)/D(s)\): Residue expansions
*Inverse Laplace transform; Convolution of vectors \(\leftrightarrow\) product of polynomials
*Read Ch 2, p. 29-51
*Homework A (Discuss on Lect 5; DUE Lect 7)
Part II: Circuit Analysis (Chaps. 3-4: 4 Lect, 1 Lab)

4

0

R 1/24 *Lect: Mechanical impedance \(Z_m(s)=\) Force/Velocity: Mass, stiffness, resistance
*Applications of the Laplace transform \(h(t) \leftrightarrow H(s)\): Fourier \(\cal F\) and Laplace \(\cal L\) Transforms;
[e.g.: \(\delta(t) \leftrightarrow 1\), \(\delta(t-T) \leftrightarrow e^{-j\omega T}\); \(1\leftrightarrow 2\pi\delta(\omega)\), etc.]
*Notes on the Laplace \(\delta(t)\) function (i.e., is \(u(t) \equiv \int_{-\infty}^t\delta(t)dt\) a function?)
*Brune impedance and its properties: Network Postulates:Causal; stable; stable inverse; Conservation of Energy (\(\Re Z \ge 0\))
*What is a Network analyizer? (MU box Demo)
*Lab 0 (3081 ECEB): Define Lab partners
*Read Ch 3, p. 65-84; Integration in the complex \(s\) plane pdf
5 5 T 1/29 *Lect: Acoustic Impedance: \(Z_a(s)=\)Pressure/volume-velocity
*2-port Transmission Matrix \({\bf T}(s)\) (ABCD)
*Comparison of the step function \(u(t)\) for \(\cal F\) & \(\cal L\) transforms
*Inverse Laplace Transform \({\cal L}^{-1}\) definition: Residue Thm
*Discuss HW-A
*Read Ch 3, p. 84-94
6 R 1/31 *Lect: Electrical impedance: \(Z_e(s)=\)Voltage/Current
*Definition of, and conversion between Transmission matrix \({\bf T}(s)\) & Impedance matrix \({\bf Z}(s)\)
*Meaning of \(A(s), B(s), C(s), D(s)\)
*Brune impedance: Minimum phase (MP), positive real (PR)
*Review: Ch 3 Transmission \(\Leftrightarrow\) Matrix: VanValkenburg & Pipes (pdf) &
Network Postulates: Carlin, Kim et al
7 6 T 2/5 *Lect: Lumped approximations of Transmission lines and the \({\bf T}(s)\) (ABCD) method
*Transfer functions: all-pole (IIR), all-zero (FIR) and all-pass (pol-zero) functions
*Complex Functions of a complex variable
*Time vs frequency domain impedance
*Thevenin and Norton equivalence representation
*HW-A DUE
*Homework B (EvalResp.m) (Discuss on Lect 9; DUE Lect 11)
*Read Ch 3, p.106-118

8
1 		R 2/7 *Lab 1 (4022 ECEB): Setup of hardware; Learn how to make impedance measurements: Lab manual
*Install g7play software package
*Construct circuit board to measure loudspeaker impedance, and debug it by measuring a resistor in series with a capacitor having RC time constant of 2 ms and cutoff freq=1/2\(\pi RC\).
*Read: Lab manual
Part III: Electrodynamic Loudspeakers (Chap. 6: 4 Lects, 2 Labs, Exam I)
9 7 T 2/12 *Lect: Analysis of the Twin-Tee network: How to put two Transmission networks in parallel
Discussion of the dB & Bode plots (log-log frequency response plots)
Review of lab setup with op-amp circuit & how to verify the setup is functional
*Discuss HW-B/Lab exercise (Due Lect 11)
*Read Ch 3 ABCD Matrix analysis of circuits

10
2 		R 2/14 *Lab 2 (4022 ECEB):
*Measurement of 2-port RC (example from HWb) (EvalResp.m)
Measure 2-ports: (video)
*Read Ch 6 Electrodynamic loudspeakers
11 8 T 2/19 *Lect: Hunt's 2-port impedance model of the loudspeaker
*2-port networks: Transformer, Gyrator and transmission lines
Moving coil vs. Balanced armature Loudspeaker Motional impedance (Hunt Chap. 2, p. 92-97 pdf)
*Faraday's Law of Induction: differential & integral form; Ampere's Law & Ampere's Force Law
*Reciprocity: PZT, Capacitance & Electrodynamic microphones
*HW-B DUE
*Homework C (Discuss on Lect 13; due Lect 14), SpeakerModel.m
*Read Ch 3, p. 94-96 Speaker motor

12
3 		R 2/21 *Lab 3 (4022 ECEB): Measure Mass-loaded speaker impedance \(Z_e(f)\)
*Speaker Faced-Up vs. Faced-Down; \(Z_{mot}\)
*First measurement of a loudspeaker input impedance
*Read 107-112 Transducer impedance + Lab 3 of Lab manual
13 9 T 2/26 *Lect: Reciprocal and reversible 2-port networks (T and Z forms)
*The Reciprocal calibrationmethod (i.e., cascaded loudspeakers)
*Forward, backward and reflected traveling waves
*Uniform Transmission lines & reflections at junctions
*Discuss Homework C (Due Lec 14)
*Read Mason 1928; Text: 4.23, p.180-198
14 R 2/28 *Lab 4 (4022 ECEB):
*Face-to-face measurements of two loudspeakers
*HW-C DUE
Allen out of town
*Read p. 106-107
15 10 T 3/5 *Optional office hrs (3081 ECEB)

15 10 T 3/5 EXAM I You may use your final report during the exam; Tuesday Mar 5, @ 7-9PM Room: 3020 ECEB
Part IV: Horns with Viscous & Thermal loss; Reciprocity (Chaps. 9-4: 6 Lect, 3 Labs)
16 R 3/7 *Lect: Acoustic transmission lines
*Thevenin & Norton parameters of a loudspeaker: \(P_0(f), U_0(f), Z_0(s)\)
*Homework D: Acoustics & Transmission Lines (Discuss on Lect 17; due Lect 20)
*Read Sect. 17.19, p. 358-373
F
S 		3/10-3/11 [Engineering Open House]
17 11 T 3/12 *Lect: Reciprocity calibration of a loudspeaker: How To.
*Discuss HW-D
*Read Lab 3-4, p. 14-19

18
4 		R 3/14 *Lab 5 (4022 ECEB): Reciprocity calibration; verification with a probe microphone (Etymotic Research-7C)
12 M
F 		3/16 Spring Break
19 13 T 3/26 *Lect: Speaker Acoustic Thevenin calibration using 2 or more acoustics loads
*Read: Thevenin model of a resistor: pdf

20
5 		R 3/28 *Lab 6 (4022 ECEB): Speaker Acoustic Thevenin calibration using 2 acoustics loads (Duct tape)
*HW-D DUE
*Homework E (Discuss on Lect 23; DUE Lect 24); Starter files for middle ear simulation (txline.m, gamma.m)
*Read: ABCD for Thevenin source
21 14 T 4/2 *Lect: Spherical wave around a sphere; Radiation (wave) impedance of a sphere
*Spectral Analysis and random variables: Resistor thermal noise (4kT) Noise Theory, About Nyquist
*Wave equations and Newton's Principia (July, 1687); d'Alembert solutions in 1 and 3 dimensions of the wave equation
*Read Solution to spherical wave equation

22 R 4/4 *Lab 7 (4022 ECEB): Measure the speaker radiation impedance \(Z_{rad}(s)\) and compare to the spherical radiator
*Read: Radiation impedance of sphere

23

6

15 T 4/9 *Lect: How does the middle ear work? Ans: The Middle ear is a transmission line.
*Read: Rosowski, Carney, Peak (1988) The radiation impedance of the external ear of cat (pdf)
*Discuss HW-E
24 R 4/11 Lect: Topics in Audio
*Vacuum Tube guitar amplifiers pdf
*Transmission Lines discussion; Monster speaker cable
*Loudspeakers: lumped parameter models, waves on diaphragm
*Throat and Radiation impedance of horn
*HW-E DUE
*Review for Exam II (HW-D,E)

25 16 T 4/16 NO Class: Exam II You may use your final report during the exam @ 7-9:30PM Room: 3081 ECEB
Grade report pdf
Part V: Topics in Audio Engineering (Chaps. 10-11: 3 Lects., 2 Labs)

26 R 4/18 *Lab 8 (4022 ECEB): Choice of 1) Earbud in ear simulator, 2) Horn baffle, 3) Acoustic suspension baffle (AR-3)
*Work on lab report (Example LaTeX)
27
7 		17 T 4/23 *Lect: Baffling loudspeaker topics
*Read Ch7, p. 289-320
28 R 4/25 *Guest Lecture (confirmed): Mead Killion CEO Etymotic Research, Elk Grove Village IL
29 18 T 4/30 *Final Lect; Open discussion of course and lab report content; Class discussion: What did you learned?
W 5/1 Instruction ends
R 5/2 Reading Day
F 5/3 Group lab report deadline extended: Please give me both a paper and pdf copy. NO DOC files
*Final Exams begin (Our final is the lab project oral presentation on loudspeakers)
F 5/10 Group presentations 8-11 AM3081 (official schedule Final Exam)

Textbook

  • The primary text is Acoustics: Sound fields and transducers Beranek and Mellow; Academic Press 2012;
  • The reference textbook is Electroacoustics: The Analysis of Transduction, and Its Historical Background by Frederick V. Hunt. ISBN 0-88318-401-X.
    • Chapters 2+ of the reference textbook are available pdf.

Reading Assignments:

  • Part I: Beranek 1-17, 21-29, 37-48
  • Part II: Beranek 65-84, 84-94, 106-118, Kim et al, Carlin, VanValkenburg-Pipes)
  • Part III: Beranek 119-128, 94-96, ??
  • Part IV: ??
  • Part V: 289-320, Ch 11

Homeworks:

  • HW-A, Assigned 1/22 (Lect 3), DUE Lect 7 : Acoustics and LT/FT
  • HW-B, Assigned 2/5 (Lect 7), DUE Lect 11: T, Z matrix + Transmission line theory
  • HW-C, Assigned Lect 11, DUE Lect 14: Electrodynamic ABCD model with Gyrator, Motional impedance & \(Z_A(s)\) TL load
  • HW-D, Assigned Lect 16, DUE Lect 20: Horns, reciprocity, Thevenin model of Johnson resistor noise
  • HW-E, Assigned Lect 20, DUE Lect 24: Middle ear model

Labs:

  • Lab Lab Manual
  • Lab 0, Lect 4, Thurs 1/24, 3081 ECEB : a) Define teams; b) Define goals of Labs
  • Lab 1, Lect 8, Thurs 2/7, 4022 ECEB : a) Op-amp circuit construction; b) MU calibraton with a 1 kohm resistor
  • Lab 2, Lect 10, Thurs 2/14, 4022 ECEB : Measure 2-ports: (video)
    a) RC lowpass (EvalResp.m),
    b) Twin-Tee notch filter
  • Lab 3, Lect 12, Thurs 2/21, 4022 ECEB : Speaker electrical impedance:
    a) Loaded,
    b) Unloaded,
    c) Compute speaker motional impedance

(syms algebra: MassCal.m, calculation: calcHuntParams.m)

  • Lab 4, Lect 18, Thurs 3/14, 4022 ECEB : Reciprocity calibration with probe mic verification

(syms algebra: RecipCal.m)

  • Lab 5, Lect 20, Thurs 3/28, 4022 ECEB : Thevenin Equivalent circuit via 2 acoustic loads (Duct Tape cavities)
  • Lab 6, Lect 22, Thurs 4/4, 4022 ECEB : Measure speaker acoustic radiation impedance \(Z_{rad}\)
  • Lab 7, Lect 26, Thurs 4/18, 4022 ECEB : Optional lab (team's choice):
    a) earbud in ear simulator,
    b) Wave horn baffle,
    c) AR-3 Acoustic Supension baffle

Exams:

  • Exam I Lect 1-12: Tuesday March 5, 7-9PM, 3081 ECEB
  • Exam II Lect 13-22: Thursday April 16, 7-9PM, 3081 ECEB

The final report:

  • Final written report DUE May 3; final group presentations: 8:00-11:00 a.m., Fri, May 10 (UIUC Exam schedule)
    • The final report is broken down into 25 topics each worth 1 points, for a total of 25 points.
    • Individuals will be given points for their role in the presentation (up to 5 points each).
    • Up to 5 points of extra credit will be given to the team, if the report is properly formatted (e.g., using LaTeX with high quality figures and equations, etc.).
  • Each person should submit a copy of the final report, with a 1 page personal statement your role in the project, along with the role the other team members (i.e., include self- and team-evaluations).

Final grade distribution:

  • The final grades are computed as follows: Each homework counted for 5 points (25). The two exams were each worth 25 points, for a total of 50 points. The lab project is worth 25 points. This adds to 100 points.

Notes and References

  • Carlin Network postulates pdf
  • Conversion tables for 2-ports (page 1) and ABCD tables from Pipes (pages 2-3): pdf
  • Short table of various Fourier Transforms pdf

General interest

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